0. Does the switch to 5G security require a new SIM card?

切换到 5G 安全是否需要新的 SIM 卡？

导读：作为智能卡行业的从业人员，其实我们的运营商客户也经常问我们：如果我要部署5G，到底需不需要换5G USIM卡？在这里，我们听听爱立信是怎么说的。

文章来源：https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2020/1/5g-security-sim-card 照旧，翻译采用Google，针对性做了些字词调整

One of the most frequent questions we receive from various stakeholders is if the new security and privacy features of 5G require a new SIM card. The simple answer, under certain assumptions, is no. However, a complete answer is nevertheless trickier than just a yes or a no.

This post was originally published in January 2020 and updated in August 2021 to reflect new developments in standardization.

To understand the context behind this question, let’s briefly discuss different types of SIM cards. By “SIM cards”, we mean those smart cards that are used in mobile networks. In 2G, the smart card is called the subscriber identity module (SIM) that represents hardware and software together. Even though these SIMs can also be used in 3G systems, for enhanced security, 3G systems use a newer smart card with software and hardware separated. The universal subscriber identity module (USIM) is one of several software applications that resides in the hardware part, called the universal integrated circuit card (UICC).

In this post, we refer to these newer smart cards as Rel 99+ USIM which are compatible with 3GPP Release 1999 (first 3G specifications) and afterwards. These Rel 99+ USIMs can be used to access every generation of mobile networks, including 5G. Such backward and forward compatibility is achieved by the carefully designed offloading of some computations and storage to mobile phones.

While accessing the 5G system is one thing, the question we have is whether using the “new” security and privacy features of 5G requires a new kind of USIM other than Rel 99+ USIMs which could be used for 4G security. This is a valid question and something which we address below. For the sake of brevity, in this post, we do not touch upon other new features in 5G that do not concern USIM.

我们从各个利益相关者那里收到的最常见问题之一是，5G 的新安全和隐私功能是否需要新的 SIM 卡。在某些假设下，简单的答案是否定的。然而，一个完整的答案仍然比是或否更棘手。

这篇文章最初发表于 2020 年 1 月，并于 2021 年 8 月更新，以反映标准化的新发展。

为了理解这个问题背后的背景，让我们简要讨论一下不同类型的 SIM 卡。 “SIM 卡”是指在移动网络中使用的智能卡。在 2G 中，智能卡被称为用户身份模块 (SIM)，它同时代表硬件和软件。尽管这些 SIM 卡也可用于 3G 系统，但为了增强安全性，3G 系统使用较新的软件和硬件分离的智能卡。通用用户身份模块 (USIM) 是驻留在被称之为通用集成电路卡 (UICC) 的硬件部分的多个软件应用程序之一。

在这篇文章中，我们将这些较新的智能卡称为 Rel 99+ USIM，它们与 3GPP Release 1999（第一个 3G 规范）及更高版本兼容。这些 Rel 99+ USIM 可用于访问包括 5G 在内的每一代移动网络。这种向后和向前兼容性是通过精心设计的将一些计算和存储功能转移到手机来实现的。

虽然访问 5G 系统是一回事，但我们面临的问题是，使用 5G 的“新”安全和隐私功能是否需要除可用于 4G 安全的 Rel 99+ USIM 之外的新型 USIM。这是一个有效的问题，我们将在下面讨论。为简洁起见，在本文中，我们不会涉及 5G 中与 USIM 无关的其他新功能。